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grin lens diameter, length  (Inscopix Inc)

 
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    Inscopix Inc grin lens diameter, length
    Grin Lens Diameter, Length, supplied by Inscopix Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/grin+lens+diameter%2C+length/grin+lens+diameter++length/pmc11032496__pnas__2316150121__sapp-18-34-42
    Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    grin lens diameter, length - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    90/100 stars

    Images

    Related Articles

    Imaging:

    Article Title: Analyzing the brainstem circuits for respiratory chemosensitivity in freely moving mice
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100 μm·min–1 to a depth ~1300 μm above the target site, then lowered at a rate of 50 μm·min–1 to a depth ~300 μm above the RTN, Raphe or pFL (coordinates with a 90 injection arm angle: RTN – 1.1 mm Bhandare et al. eLife 2022;11:e70671.

    Article Title: Negative feedback control of neuronal activity by microglia.
    Article Snippet: A layer of adhesive cement (C&B Metabond, Parkell Inc.) was applied to the skull surface to strongly hold the implanted ferrule.

    Article Title: Supporting Information for “Distinct Lateral Hypothalamic CaMKIIa Neuronal Populations Regulate Wakefulness and Locomotor Activity”
    Article Snippet: Microendoscopy: For Ca2+ imaging, after a 2 wk incubation period of the AAV9CaMKII-GCaMP6f-WPRE, mice were implanted with two skull screws (one in the occipital lobe and one in the contralateral parietal lobe) and a GRIN lens (500 μm diameter, 6.1 mm length, Inscopix) was placed over the LH.

    Article Title: Dichotomous dopaminergic and noradrenergic neural states mediate distinct aspects of exploitative behavioral states
    Article Snippet: For imaging experiments, virus injections were followed by implantation of a GRIN lens (500 μm diameter, 8 mm length; Inscopix Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) into the SNc or LC.

    Article Title: Neural correlate of reduced respiratory chemosensitivity during chronic epilepsy
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100 μm·min −1 to a depth of ~1,300 μm above the target site and then lowered at a rate of 50 μm·min −1 to a depth of approximately 300 μm above the RTN or RVLM target region (coordinates as above with 300 μm above the target site).

    Article Title: Neural correlate of reduced respiratory chemosensitivity during chronic epilepsy
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100μm·min -1 to a depth ∼1300 μm above the target site, then lowered at a rate of 50μm·min -1 to a depth ∼300 μm above the RTN or RVLM target region (coordinates as above with 300 μm above the target site).

    Article Title: A molecularly defined D1 medium spiny neuron subtype negatively regulates cocaine addiction.
    Article Snippet: For the calcium recording experiments, 0.3 to 0.4 l of viruses were injected into the NAc region; 4 to 5 weeks later, a GRIN lens (0.6 mm diameter, 7 mm length; Inscopix) was implanted 0.3 mm above the viral injection site and was secured with dental cement.

    Article Title: Amygdala Reward Neurons Form and Store Fear Extinction Memory.
    Article Snippet: Two weeks following AAV5-hsyn-flex-GCaMP6f-WPRE-SV40 virus injection, a GRIN lens (0.5 mm diameter, 8 mm length; Inscopix) was implanted targeting aBLA or pBLA (aBLA: 1.4 mm AP, +3.4 mm ML, 4.7 mm DV; pBLA: 2.0 mm AP, +3.4 mm ML, 4.7 mm DV).

    Incubation:

    Article Title: Analyzing the brainstem circuits for respiratory chemosensitivity in freely moving mice
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100 μm·min–1 to a depth ~1300 μm above the target site, then lowered at a rate of 50 μm·min–1 to a depth ~300 μm above the RTN, Raphe or pFL (coordinates with a 90 injection arm angle: RTN – 1.1 mm Bhandare et al. eLife 2022;11:e70671.

    Article Title: Negative feedback control of neuronal activity by microglia.
    Article Snippet: A layer of adhesive cement (C&B Metabond, Parkell Inc.) was applied to the skull surface to strongly hold the implanted ferrule.

    Article Title: Supporting Information for “Distinct Lateral Hypothalamic CaMKIIa Neuronal Populations Regulate Wakefulness and Locomotor Activity”
    Article Snippet: Microendoscopy: For Ca2+ imaging, after a 2 wk incubation period of the AAV9CaMKII-GCaMP6f-WPRE, mice were implanted with two skull screws (one in the occipital lobe and one in the contralateral parietal lobe) and a GRIN lens (500 μm diameter, 6.1 mm length, Inscopix) was placed over the LH.

    Article Title: Dichotomous dopaminergic and noradrenergic neural states mediate distinct aspects of exploitative behavioral states
    Article Snippet: For imaging experiments, virus injections were followed by implantation of a GRIN lens (500 μm diameter, 8 mm length; Inscopix Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) into the SNc or LC.

    Article Title: Neural correlate of reduced respiratory chemosensitivity during chronic epilepsy
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100 μm·min −1 to a depth of ~1,300 μm above the target site and then lowered at a rate of 50 μm·min −1 to a depth of approximately 300 μm above the RTN or RVLM target region (coordinates as above with 300 μm above the target site).

    Article Title: Neural correlate of reduced respiratory chemosensitivity during chronic epilepsy
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100μm·min -1 to a depth ∼1300 μm above the target site, then lowered at a rate of 50μm·min -1 to a depth ∼300 μm above the RTN or RVLM target region (coordinates as above with 300 μm above the target site).

    Article Title: A molecularly defined D1 medium spiny neuron subtype negatively regulates cocaine addiction.
    Article Snippet: For the calcium recording experiments, 0.3 to 0.4 l of viruses were injected into the NAc region; 4 to 5 weeks later, a GRIN lens (0.6 mm diameter, 7 mm length; Inscopix) was implanted 0.3 mm above the viral injection site and was secured with dental cement.

    Article Title: Amygdala Reward Neurons Form and Store Fear Extinction Memory.
    Article Snippet: Two weeks following AAV5-hsyn-flex-GCaMP6f-WPRE-SV40 virus injection, a GRIN lens (0.5 mm diameter, 8 mm length; Inscopix) was implanted targeting aBLA or pBLA (aBLA: 1.4 mm AP, +3.4 mm ML, 4.7 mm DV; pBLA: 2.0 mm AP, +3.4 mm ML, 4.7 mm DV).

    Injection:

    Article Title: Analyzing the brainstem circuits for respiratory chemosensitivity in freely moving mice
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100 μm·min–1 to a depth ~1300 μm above the target site, then lowered at a rate of 50 μm·min–1 to a depth ~300 μm above the RTN, Raphe or pFL (coordinates with a 90 injection arm angle: RTN – 1.1 mm Bhandare et al. eLife 2022;11:e70671.

    Article Title: Negative feedback control of neuronal activity by microglia.
    Article Snippet: A layer of adhesive cement (C&B Metabond, Parkell Inc.) was applied to the skull surface to strongly hold the implanted ferrule.

    Article Title: Supporting Information for “Distinct Lateral Hypothalamic CaMKIIa Neuronal Populations Regulate Wakefulness and Locomotor Activity”
    Article Snippet: Microendoscopy: For Ca2+ imaging, after a 2 wk incubation period of the AAV9CaMKII-GCaMP6f-WPRE, mice were implanted with two skull screws (one in the occipital lobe and one in the contralateral parietal lobe) and a GRIN lens (500 μm diameter, 6.1 mm length, Inscopix) was placed over the LH.

    Article Title: Dichotomous dopaminergic and noradrenergic neural states mediate distinct aspects of exploitative behavioral states
    Article Snippet: For imaging experiments, virus injections were followed by implantation of a GRIN lens (500 μm diameter, 8 mm length; Inscopix Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) into the SNc or LC.

    Article Title: Neural correlate of reduced respiratory chemosensitivity during chronic epilepsy
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100 μm·min −1 to a depth of ~1,300 μm above the target site and then lowered at a rate of 50 μm·min −1 to a depth of approximately 300 μm above the RTN or RVLM target region (coordinates as above with 300 μm above the target site).

    Article Title: Neural correlate of reduced respiratory chemosensitivity during chronic epilepsy
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100μm·min -1 to a depth ∼1300 μm above the target site, then lowered at a rate of 50μm·min -1 to a depth ∼300 μm above the RTN or RVLM target region (coordinates as above with 300 μm above the target site).

    Article Title: A molecularly defined D1 medium spiny neuron subtype negatively regulates cocaine addiction.
    Article Snippet: For the calcium recording experiments, 0.3 to 0.4 l of viruses were injected into the NAc region; 4 to 5 weeks later, a GRIN lens (0.6 mm diameter, 7 mm length; Inscopix) was implanted 0.3 mm above the viral injection site and was secured with dental cement.

    Article Title: Amygdala Reward Neurons Form and Store Fear Extinction Memory.
    Article Snippet: Two weeks following AAV5-hsyn-flex-GCaMP6f-WPRE-SV40 virus injection, a GRIN lens (0.5 mm diameter, 8 mm length; Inscopix) was implanted targeting aBLA or pBLA (aBLA: 1.4 mm AP, +3.4 mm ML, 4.7 mm DV; pBLA: 2.0 mm AP, +3.4 mm ML, 4.7 mm DV).

    Fluorescence:

    Article Title: Analyzing the brainstem circuits for respiratory chemosensitivity in freely moving mice
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100 μm·min–1 to a depth ~1300 μm above the target site, then lowered at a rate of 50 μm·min–1 to a depth ~300 μm above the RTN, Raphe or pFL (coordinates with a 90 injection arm angle: RTN – 1.1 mm Bhandare et al. eLife 2022;11:e70671.

    Article Title: Negative feedback control of neuronal activity by microglia.
    Article Snippet: A layer of adhesive cement (C&B Metabond, Parkell Inc.) was applied to the skull surface to strongly hold the implanted ferrule.

    Article Title: Supporting Information for “Distinct Lateral Hypothalamic CaMKIIa Neuronal Populations Regulate Wakefulness and Locomotor Activity”
    Article Snippet: Microendoscopy: For Ca2+ imaging, after a 2 wk incubation period of the AAV9CaMKII-GCaMP6f-WPRE, mice were implanted with two skull screws (one in the occipital lobe and one in the contralateral parietal lobe) and a GRIN lens (500 μm diameter, 6.1 mm length, Inscopix) was placed over the LH.

    Article Title: Dichotomous dopaminergic and noradrenergic neural states mediate distinct aspects of exploitative behavioral states
    Article Snippet: For imaging experiments, virus injections were followed by implantation of a GRIN lens (500 μm diameter, 8 mm length; Inscopix Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) into the SNc or LC.

    Article Title: Neural correlate of reduced respiratory chemosensitivity during chronic epilepsy
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100 μm·min −1 to a depth of ~1,300 μm above the target site and then lowered at a rate of 50 μm·min −1 to a depth of approximately 300 μm above the RTN or RVLM target region (coordinates as above with 300 μm above the target site).

    Article Title: Neural correlate of reduced respiratory chemosensitivity during chronic epilepsy
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100μm·min -1 to a depth ∼1300 μm above the target site, then lowered at a rate of 50μm·min -1 to a depth ∼300 μm above the RTN or RVLM target region (coordinates as above with 300 μm above the target site).

    Article Title: A molecularly defined D1 medium spiny neuron subtype negatively regulates cocaine addiction.
    Article Snippet: For the calcium recording experiments, 0.3 to 0.4 l of viruses were injected into the NAc region; 4 to 5 weeks later, a GRIN lens (0.6 mm diameter, 7 mm length; Inscopix) was implanted 0.3 mm above the viral injection site and was secured with dental cement.

    Article Title: Amygdala Reward Neurons Form and Store Fear Extinction Memory.
    Article Snippet: Two weeks following AAV5-hsyn-flex-GCaMP6f-WPRE-SV40 virus injection, a GRIN lens (0.5 mm diameter, 8 mm length; Inscopix) was implanted targeting aBLA or pBLA (aBLA: 1.4 mm AP, +3.4 mm ML, 4.7 mm DV; pBLA: 2.0 mm AP, +3.4 mm ML, 4.7 mm DV).

    Transduction:

    Article Title: Analyzing the brainstem circuits for respiratory chemosensitivity in freely moving mice
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100 μm·min–1 to a depth ~1300 μm above the target site, then lowered at a rate of 50 μm·min–1 to a depth ~300 μm above the RTN, Raphe or pFL (coordinates with a 90 injection arm angle: RTN – 1.1 mm Bhandare et al. eLife 2022;11:e70671.

    Article Title: Negative feedback control of neuronal activity by microglia.
    Article Snippet: A layer of adhesive cement (C&B Metabond, Parkell Inc.) was applied to the skull surface to strongly hold the implanted ferrule.

    Article Title: Supporting Information for “Distinct Lateral Hypothalamic CaMKIIa Neuronal Populations Regulate Wakefulness and Locomotor Activity”
    Article Snippet: Microendoscopy: For Ca2+ imaging, after a 2 wk incubation period of the AAV9CaMKII-GCaMP6f-WPRE, mice were implanted with two skull screws (one in the occipital lobe and one in the contralateral parietal lobe) and a GRIN lens (500 μm diameter, 6.1 mm length, Inscopix) was placed over the LH.

    Article Title: Dichotomous dopaminergic and noradrenergic neural states mediate distinct aspects of exploitative behavioral states
    Article Snippet: For imaging experiments, virus injections were followed by implantation of a GRIN lens (500 μm diameter, 8 mm length; Inscopix Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) into the SNc or LC.

    Article Title: Neural correlate of reduced respiratory chemosensitivity during chronic epilepsy
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100 μm·min −1 to a depth of ~1,300 μm above the target site and then lowered at a rate of 50 μm·min −1 to a depth of approximately 300 μm above the RTN or RVLM target region (coordinates as above with 300 μm above the target site).

    Article Title: Neural correlate of reduced respiratory chemosensitivity during chronic epilepsy
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100μm·min -1 to a depth ∼1300 μm above the target site, then lowered at a rate of 50μm·min -1 to a depth ∼300 μm above the RTN or RVLM target region (coordinates as above with 300 μm above the target site).

    Article Title: A molecularly defined D1 medium spiny neuron subtype negatively regulates cocaine addiction.
    Article Snippet: For the calcium recording experiments, 0.3 to 0.4 l of viruses were injected into the NAc region; 4 to 5 weeks later, a GRIN lens (0.6 mm diameter, 7 mm length; Inscopix) was implanted 0.3 mm above the viral injection site and was secured with dental cement.

    Article Title: Amygdala Reward Neurons Form and Store Fear Extinction Memory.
    Article Snippet: Two weeks following AAV5-hsyn-flex-GCaMP6f-WPRE-SV40 virus injection, a GRIN lens (0.5 mm diameter, 8 mm length; Inscopix) was implanted targeting aBLA or pBLA (aBLA: 1.4 mm AP, +3.4 mm ML, 4.7 mm DV; pBLA: 2.0 mm AP, +3.4 mm ML, 4.7 mm DV).

    Software:

    Article Title: Analyzing the brainstem circuits for respiratory chemosensitivity in freely moving mice
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100 μm·min–1 to a depth ~1300 μm above the target site, then lowered at a rate of 50 μm·min–1 to a depth ~300 μm above the RTN, Raphe or pFL (coordinates with a 90 injection arm angle: RTN – 1.1 mm Bhandare et al. eLife 2022;11:e70671.

    Article Title: Negative feedback control of neuronal activity by microglia.
    Article Snippet: A layer of adhesive cement (C&B Metabond, Parkell Inc.) was applied to the skull surface to strongly hold the implanted ferrule.

    Article Title: Supporting Information for “Distinct Lateral Hypothalamic CaMKIIa Neuronal Populations Regulate Wakefulness and Locomotor Activity”
    Article Snippet: Microendoscopy: For Ca2+ imaging, after a 2 wk incubation period of the AAV9CaMKII-GCaMP6f-WPRE, mice were implanted with two skull screws (one in the occipital lobe and one in the contralateral parietal lobe) and a GRIN lens (500 μm diameter, 6.1 mm length, Inscopix) was placed over the LH.

    Article Title: Dichotomous dopaminergic and noradrenergic neural states mediate distinct aspects of exploitative behavioral states
    Article Snippet: For imaging experiments, virus injections were followed by implantation of a GRIN lens (500 μm diameter, 8 mm length; Inscopix Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) into the SNc or LC.

    Article Title: Neural correlate of reduced respiratory chemosensitivity during chronic epilepsy
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100 μm·min −1 to a depth of ~1,300 μm above the target site and then lowered at a rate of 50 μm·min −1 to a depth of approximately 300 μm above the RTN or RVLM target region (coordinates as above with 300 μm above the target site).

    Article Title: Neural correlate of reduced respiratory chemosensitivity during chronic epilepsy
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100μm·min -1 to a depth ∼1300 μm above the target site, then lowered at a rate of 50μm·min -1 to a depth ∼300 μm above the RTN or RVLM target region (coordinates as above with 300 μm above the target site).

    Article Title: A molecularly defined D1 medium spiny neuron subtype negatively regulates cocaine addiction.
    Article Snippet: For the calcium recording experiments, 0.3 to 0.4 l of viruses were injected into the NAc region; 4 to 5 weeks later, a GRIN lens (0.6 mm diameter, 7 mm length; Inscopix) was implanted 0.3 mm above the viral injection site and was secured with dental cement.

    Article Title: Amygdala Reward Neurons Form and Store Fear Extinction Memory.
    Article Snippet: Two weeks following AAV5-hsyn-flex-GCaMP6f-WPRE-SV40 virus injection, a GRIN lens (0.5 mm diameter, 8 mm length; Inscopix) was implanted targeting aBLA or pBLA (aBLA: 1.4 mm AP, +3.4 mm ML, 4.7 mm DV; pBLA: 2.0 mm AP, +3.4 mm ML, 4.7 mm DV).

    Activity Assay:

    Article Title: Analyzing the brainstem circuits for respiratory chemosensitivity in freely moving mice
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100 μm·min–1 to a depth ~1300 μm above the target site, then lowered at a rate of 50 μm·min–1 to a depth ~300 μm above the RTN, Raphe or pFL (coordinates with a 90 injection arm angle: RTN – 1.1 mm Bhandare et al. eLife 2022;11:e70671.

    Article Title: Negative feedback control of neuronal activity by microglia.
    Article Snippet: A layer of adhesive cement (C&B Metabond, Parkell Inc.) was applied to the skull surface to strongly hold the implanted ferrule.

    Article Title: Supporting Information for “Distinct Lateral Hypothalamic CaMKIIa Neuronal Populations Regulate Wakefulness and Locomotor Activity”
    Article Snippet: Microendoscopy: For Ca2+ imaging, after a 2 wk incubation period of the AAV9CaMKII-GCaMP6f-WPRE, mice were implanted with two skull screws (one in the occipital lobe and one in the contralateral parietal lobe) and a GRIN lens (500 μm diameter, 6.1 mm length, Inscopix) was placed over the LH.

    Article Title: Dichotomous dopaminergic and noradrenergic neural states mediate distinct aspects of exploitative behavioral states
    Article Snippet: For imaging experiments, virus injections were followed by implantation of a GRIN lens (500 μm diameter, 8 mm length; Inscopix Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) into the SNc or LC.

    Article Title: Neural correlate of reduced respiratory chemosensitivity during chronic epilepsy
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100 μm·min −1 to a depth of ~1,300 μm above the target site and then lowered at a rate of 50 μm·min −1 to a depth of approximately 300 μm above the RTN or RVLM target region (coordinates as above with 300 μm above the target site).

    Article Title: Neural correlate of reduced respiratory chemosensitivity during chronic epilepsy
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100μm·min -1 to a depth ∼1300 μm above the target site, then lowered at a rate of 50μm·min -1 to a depth ∼300 μm above the RTN or RVLM target region (coordinates as above with 300 μm above the target site).

    Article Title: A molecularly defined D1 medium spiny neuron subtype negatively regulates cocaine addiction.
    Article Snippet: For the calcium recording experiments, 0.3 to 0.4 l of viruses were injected into the NAc region; 4 to 5 weeks later, a GRIN lens (0.6 mm diameter, 7 mm length; Inscopix) was implanted 0.3 mm above the viral injection site and was secured with dental cement.

    Article Title: Amygdala Reward Neurons Form and Store Fear Extinction Memory.
    Article Snippet: Two weeks following AAV5-hsyn-flex-GCaMP6f-WPRE-SV40 virus injection, a GRIN lens (0.5 mm diameter, 8 mm length; Inscopix) was implanted targeting aBLA or pBLA (aBLA: 1.4 mm AP, +3.4 mm ML, 4.7 mm DV; pBLA: 2.0 mm AP, +3.4 mm ML, 4.7 mm DV).

    Virus:

    Article Title: Analyzing the brainstem circuits for respiratory chemosensitivity in freely moving mice
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100 μm·min–1 to a depth ~1300 μm above the target site, then lowered at a rate of 50 μm·min–1 to a depth ~300 μm above the RTN, Raphe or pFL (coordinates with a 90 injection arm angle: RTN – 1.1 mm Bhandare et al. eLife 2022;11:e70671.

    Article Title: Negative feedback control of neuronal activity by microglia.
    Article Snippet: A layer of adhesive cement (C&B Metabond, Parkell Inc.) was applied to the skull surface to strongly hold the implanted ferrule.

    Article Title: Supporting Information for “Distinct Lateral Hypothalamic CaMKIIa Neuronal Populations Regulate Wakefulness and Locomotor Activity”
    Article Snippet: Microendoscopy: For Ca2+ imaging, after a 2 wk incubation period of the AAV9CaMKII-GCaMP6f-WPRE, mice were implanted with two skull screws (one in the occipital lobe and one in the contralateral parietal lobe) and a GRIN lens (500 μm diameter, 6.1 mm length, Inscopix) was placed over the LH.

    Article Title: Dichotomous dopaminergic and noradrenergic neural states mediate distinct aspects of exploitative behavioral states
    Article Snippet: For imaging experiments, virus injections were followed by implantation of a GRIN lens (500 μm diameter, 8 mm length; Inscopix Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) into the SNc or LC.

    Article Title: Neural correlate of reduced respiratory chemosensitivity during chronic epilepsy
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100 μm·min −1 to a depth of ~1,300 μm above the target site and then lowered at a rate of 50 μm·min −1 to a depth of approximately 300 μm above the RTN or RVLM target region (coordinates as above with 300 μm above the target site).

    Article Title: Neural correlate of reduced respiratory chemosensitivity during chronic epilepsy
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100μm·min -1 to a depth ∼1300 μm above the target site, then lowered at a rate of 50μm·min -1 to a depth ∼300 μm above the RTN or RVLM target region (coordinates as above with 300 μm above the target site).

    Article Title: A molecularly defined D1 medium spiny neuron subtype negatively regulates cocaine addiction.
    Article Snippet: For the calcium recording experiments, 0.3 to 0.4 l of viruses were injected into the NAc region; 4 to 5 weeks later, a GRIN lens (0.6 mm diameter, 7 mm length; Inscopix) was implanted 0.3 mm above the viral injection site and was secured with dental cement.

    Article Title: Amygdala Reward Neurons Form and Store Fear Extinction Memory.
    Article Snippet: Two weeks following AAV5-hsyn-flex-GCaMP6f-WPRE-SV40 virus injection, a GRIN lens (0.5 mm diameter, 8 mm length; Inscopix) was implanted targeting aBLA or pBLA (aBLA: 1.4 mm AP, +3.4 mm ML, 4.7 mm DV; pBLA: 2.0 mm AP, +3.4 mm ML, 4.7 mm DV).

    Microscopy:

    Article Title: Analyzing the brainstem circuits for respiratory chemosensitivity in freely moving mice
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100 μm·min–1 to a depth ~1300 μm above the target site, then lowered at a rate of 50 μm·min–1 to a depth ~300 μm above the RTN, Raphe or pFL (coordinates with a 90 injection arm angle: RTN – 1.1 mm Bhandare et al. eLife 2022;11:e70671.

    Article Title: Negative feedback control of neuronal activity by microglia.
    Article Snippet: A layer of adhesive cement (C&B Metabond, Parkell Inc.) was applied to the skull surface to strongly hold the implanted ferrule.

    Article Title: Supporting Information for “Distinct Lateral Hypothalamic CaMKIIa Neuronal Populations Regulate Wakefulness and Locomotor Activity”
    Article Snippet: Microendoscopy: For Ca2+ imaging, after a 2 wk incubation period of the AAV9CaMKII-GCaMP6f-WPRE, mice were implanted with two skull screws (one in the occipital lobe and one in the contralateral parietal lobe) and a GRIN lens (500 μm diameter, 6.1 mm length, Inscopix) was placed over the LH.

    Article Title: Dichotomous dopaminergic and noradrenergic neural states mediate distinct aspects of exploitative behavioral states
    Article Snippet: For imaging experiments, virus injections were followed by implantation of a GRIN lens (500 μm diameter, 8 mm length; Inscopix Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) into the SNc or LC.

    Article Title: Neural correlate of reduced respiratory chemosensitivity during chronic epilepsy
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100 μm·min −1 to a depth of ~1,300 μm above the target site and then lowered at a rate of 50 μm·min −1 to a depth of approximately 300 μm above the RTN or RVLM target region (coordinates as above with 300 μm above the target site).

    Article Title: Neural correlate of reduced respiratory chemosensitivity during chronic epilepsy
    Article Snippet: The GRIN lens (600 μm diameter, 7.3 mm length; Inscopix, Palo Alto, CA, USA) was then slowly inserted at a rate of 100μm·min -1 to a depth ∼1300 μm above the target site, then lowered at a rate of 50μm·min -1 to a depth ∼300 μm above the RTN or RVLM target region (coordinates as above with 300 μm above the target site).

    Article Title: A molecularly defined D1 medium spiny neuron subtype negatively regulates cocaine addiction.
    Article Snippet: For the calcium recording experiments, 0.3 to 0.4 l of viruses were injected into the NAc region; 4 to 5 weeks later, a GRIN lens (0.6 mm diameter, 7 mm length; Inscopix) was implanted 0.3 mm above the viral injection site and was secured with dental cement.

    Article Title: Amygdala Reward Neurons Form and Store Fear Extinction Memory.
    Article Snippet: Two weeks following AAV5-hsyn-flex-GCaMP6f-WPRE-SV40 virus injection, a GRIN lens (0.5 mm diameter, 8 mm length; Inscopix) was implanted targeting aBLA or pBLA (aBLA: 1.4 mm AP, +3.4 mm ML, 4.7 mm DV; pBLA: 2.0 mm AP, +3.4 mm ML, 4.7 mm DV).



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    90
    Inscopix Inc grin lens diameter, length
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    a Example coronal section showing optical fiber track above GCaMP7-expressing neurons in PHN of Cbln2-IRES-Cre mice. b Example micrographs from PHN showing specific expression of GCaMP7 in Cbln2 + PHN neurons. c Schematic diagram showing fiber photometry recordings of Cbln2 + PHN neurons in mice subjected to panic induction. d Normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes (green, ΔF/F) in Cbln2 + PHN neurons in parallel with jumping escape (red) in example mouse. Vertical red bars indicate jumping escape of mouse. e Individual traces (gray) and averaged trace (red) of normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes (ΔF/F) aligned with initiation of jumping in an example mouse. f Average GCaMP response curve ( left ) and quantitative analyses of peak GCaMP fluorescence changes ( right ) of all tested mice. n = 9, P = 7.11452E-7. g Schematic diagram ( left ) and example micrographs ( right ) showing <t>GRIN</t> <t>lens</t> implantation and imaging of Cbln2 + PHN neurons with the endoscope system. h Example traces of normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes in individual cells during panic induction in an example mouse. Red shaded areas indicate occurrence of jumping escape. Heat-map ( i ) and average traces ( j ) of GCaMP responses of all 180 Cbln2 + PHN neurons in seven mice aligned with initiation of jumping escape. k Scatter plot showing GCaMP responses (ΔF/F) of an example Cbln2 + PHN neuron linearly correlated with jumping escape height. l Distribution of correlation coefficients of all 180 cells. m Schematic diagram showing endoscope imaging of individual Cbln2 + PHN neurons in response to application of von Frey filaments to the back of mice. Heat-map ( n ) and average ( o ) peri-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) of Z-score GCaMP fluorescence changes in individual Cbln2 + PHN neurons to mechanical stimuli applied with von Frey filaments (1, 10, and 100 g). Data in ( f , j , o ) are means ± SEM. Statistical analyses ( f ) were performed using two-paired Student t-test (*** P < 0.001). For P -values, see Supplementary Table . Source data are provided as a file.
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    a Example coronal section showing optical fiber track above GCaMP7-expressing neurons in PHN of Cbln2-IRES-Cre mice. b Example micrographs from PHN showing specific expression of GCaMP7 in Cbln2 + PHN neurons. c Schematic diagram showing fiber photometry recordings of Cbln2 + PHN neurons in mice subjected to panic induction. d Normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes (green, ΔF/F) in Cbln2 + PHN neurons in parallel with jumping escape (red) in example mouse. Vertical red bars indicate jumping escape of mouse. e Individual traces (gray) and averaged trace (red) of normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes (ΔF/F) aligned with initiation of jumping in an example mouse. f Average GCaMP response curve ( left ) and quantitative analyses of peak GCaMP fluorescence changes ( right ) of all tested mice. n = 9, P = 7.11452E-7. g Schematic diagram ( left ) and example micrographs ( right ) showing <t>GRIN</t> <t>lens</t> implantation and imaging of Cbln2 + PHN neurons with the endoscope system. h Example traces of normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes in individual cells during panic induction in an example mouse. Red shaded areas indicate occurrence of jumping escape. Heat-map ( i ) and average traces ( j ) of GCaMP responses of all 180 Cbln2 + PHN neurons in seven mice aligned with initiation of jumping escape. k Scatter plot showing GCaMP responses (ΔF/F) of an example Cbln2 + PHN neuron linearly correlated with jumping escape height. l Distribution of correlation coefficients of all 180 cells. m Schematic diagram showing endoscope imaging of individual Cbln2 + PHN neurons in response to application of von Frey filaments to the back of mice. Heat-map ( n ) and average ( o ) peri-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) of Z-score GCaMP fluorescence changes in individual Cbln2 + PHN neurons to mechanical stimuli applied with von Frey filaments (1, 10, and 100 g). Data in ( f , j , o ) are means ± SEM. Statistical analyses ( f ) were performed using two-paired Student t-test (*** P < 0.001). For P -values, see Supplementary Table . Source data are provided as a file.
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    a Example coronal section showing optical fiber track above GCaMP7-expressing neurons in PHN of Cbln2-IRES-Cre mice. b Example micrographs from PHN showing specific expression of GCaMP7 in Cbln2 + PHN neurons. c Schematic diagram showing fiber photometry recordings of Cbln2 + PHN neurons in mice subjected to panic induction. d Normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes (green, ΔF/F) in Cbln2 + PHN neurons in parallel with jumping escape (red) in example mouse. Vertical red bars indicate jumping escape of mouse. e Individual traces (gray) and averaged trace (red) of normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes (ΔF/F) aligned with initiation of jumping in an example mouse. f Average GCaMP response curve ( left ) and quantitative analyses of peak GCaMP fluorescence changes ( right ) of all tested mice. n = 9, P = 7.11452E-7. g Schematic diagram ( left ) and example micrographs ( right ) showing <t>GRIN</t> <t>lens</t> implantation and imaging of Cbln2 + PHN neurons with the endoscope system. h Example traces of normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes in individual cells during panic induction in an example mouse. Red shaded areas indicate occurrence of jumping escape. Heat-map ( i ) and average traces ( j ) of GCaMP responses of all 180 Cbln2 + PHN neurons in seven mice aligned with initiation of jumping escape. k Scatter plot showing GCaMP responses (ΔF/F) of an example Cbln2 + PHN neuron linearly correlated with jumping escape height. l Distribution of correlation coefficients of all 180 cells. m Schematic diagram showing endoscope imaging of individual Cbln2 + PHN neurons in response to application of von Frey filaments to the back of mice. Heat-map ( n ) and average ( o ) peri-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) of Z-score GCaMP fluorescence changes in individual Cbln2 + PHN neurons to mechanical stimuli applied with von Frey filaments (1, 10, and 100 g). Data in ( f , j , o ) are means ± SEM. Statistical analyses ( f ) were performed using two-paired Student t-test (*** P < 0.001). For P -values, see Supplementary Table . Source data are provided as a file.
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    a Example coronal section showing optical fiber track above GCaMP7-expressing neurons in PHN of Cbln2-IRES-Cre mice. b Example micrographs from PHN showing specific expression of GCaMP7 in Cbln2 + PHN neurons. c Schematic diagram showing fiber photometry recordings of Cbln2 + PHN neurons in mice subjected to panic induction. d Normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes (green, ΔF/F) in Cbln2 + PHN neurons in parallel with jumping escape (red) in example mouse. Vertical red bars indicate jumping escape of mouse. e Individual traces (gray) and averaged trace (red) of normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes (ΔF/F) aligned with initiation of jumping in an example mouse. f Average GCaMP response curve ( left ) and quantitative analyses of peak GCaMP fluorescence changes ( right ) of all tested mice. n = 9, P = 7.11452E-7. g Schematic diagram ( left ) and example micrographs ( right ) showing <t>GRIN</t> <t>lens</t> implantation and imaging of Cbln2 + PHN neurons with the endoscope system. h Example traces of normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes in individual cells during panic induction in an example mouse. Red shaded areas indicate occurrence of jumping escape. Heat-map ( i ) and average traces ( j ) of GCaMP responses of all 180 Cbln2 + PHN neurons in seven mice aligned with initiation of jumping escape. k Scatter plot showing GCaMP responses (ΔF/F) of an example Cbln2 + PHN neuron linearly correlated with jumping escape height. l Distribution of correlation coefficients of all 180 cells. m Schematic diagram showing endoscope imaging of individual Cbln2 + PHN neurons in response to application of von Frey filaments to the back of mice. Heat-map ( n ) and average ( o ) peri-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) of Z-score GCaMP fluorescence changes in individual Cbln2 + PHN neurons to mechanical stimuli applied with von Frey filaments (1, 10, and 100 g). Data in ( f , j , o ) are means ± SEM. Statistical analyses ( f ) were performed using two-paired Student t-test (*** P < 0.001). For P -values, see Supplementary Table . Source data are provided as a file.
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    a Example coronal section showing optical fiber track above GCaMP7-expressing neurons in PHN of Cbln2-IRES-Cre mice. b Example micrographs from PHN showing specific expression of GCaMP7 in Cbln2 + PHN neurons. c Schematic diagram showing fiber photometry recordings of Cbln2 + PHN neurons in mice subjected to panic induction. d Normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes (green, ΔF/F) in Cbln2 + PHN neurons in parallel with jumping escape (red) in example mouse. Vertical red bars indicate jumping escape of mouse. e Individual traces (gray) and averaged trace (red) of normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes (ΔF/F) aligned with initiation of jumping in an example mouse. f Average GCaMP response curve ( left ) and quantitative analyses of peak GCaMP fluorescence changes ( right ) of all tested mice. n = 9, P = 7.11452E-7. g Schematic diagram ( left ) and example micrographs ( right ) showing <t>GRIN</t> <t>lens</t> implantation and imaging of Cbln2 + PHN neurons with the endoscope system. h Example traces of normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes in individual cells during panic induction in an example mouse. Red shaded areas indicate occurrence of jumping escape. Heat-map ( i ) and average traces ( j ) of GCaMP responses of all 180 Cbln2 + PHN neurons in seven mice aligned with initiation of jumping escape. k Scatter plot showing GCaMP responses (ΔF/F) of an example Cbln2 + PHN neuron linearly correlated with jumping escape height. l Distribution of correlation coefficients of all 180 cells. m Schematic diagram showing endoscope imaging of individual Cbln2 + PHN neurons in response to application of von Frey filaments to the back of mice. Heat-map ( n ) and average ( o ) peri-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) of Z-score GCaMP fluorescence changes in individual Cbln2 + PHN neurons to mechanical stimuli applied with von Frey filaments (1, 10, and 100 g). Data in ( f , j , o ) are means ± SEM. Statistical analyses ( f ) were performed using two-paired Student t-test (*** P < 0.001). For P -values, see Supplementary Table . Source data are provided as a file.
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    a Example coronal section showing optical fiber track above GCaMP7-expressing neurons in PHN of Cbln2-IRES-Cre mice. b Example micrographs from PHN showing specific expression of GCaMP7 in Cbln2 + PHN neurons. c Schematic diagram showing fiber photometry recordings of Cbln2 + PHN neurons in mice subjected to panic induction. d Normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes (green, ΔF/F) in Cbln2 + PHN neurons in parallel with jumping escape (red) in example mouse. Vertical red bars indicate jumping escape of mouse. e Individual traces (gray) and averaged trace (red) of normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes (ΔF/F) aligned with initiation of jumping in an example mouse. f Average GCaMP response curve ( left ) and quantitative analyses of peak GCaMP fluorescence changes ( right ) of all tested mice. n = 9, P = 7.11452E-7. g Schematic diagram ( left ) and example micrographs ( right ) showing <t>GRIN</t> <t>lens</t> implantation and imaging of Cbln2 + PHN neurons with the endoscope system. h Example traces of normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes in individual cells during panic induction in an example mouse. Red shaded areas indicate occurrence of jumping escape. Heat-map ( i ) and average traces ( j ) of GCaMP responses of all 180 Cbln2 + PHN neurons in seven mice aligned with initiation of jumping escape. k Scatter plot showing GCaMP responses (ΔF/F) of an example Cbln2 + PHN neuron linearly correlated with jumping escape height. l Distribution of correlation coefficients of all 180 cells. m Schematic diagram showing endoscope imaging of individual Cbln2 + PHN neurons in response to application of von Frey filaments to the back of mice. Heat-map ( n ) and average ( o ) peri-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) of Z-score GCaMP fluorescence changes in individual Cbln2 + PHN neurons to mechanical stimuli applied with von Frey filaments (1, 10, and 100 g). Data in ( f , j , o ) are means ± SEM. Statistical analyses ( f ) were performed using two-paired Student t-test (*** P < 0.001). For P -values, see Supplementary Table . Source data are provided as a file.
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    a Example coronal section showing optical fiber track above GCaMP7-expressing neurons in PHN of Cbln2-IRES-Cre mice. b Example micrographs from PHN showing specific expression of GCaMP7 in Cbln2 + PHN neurons. c Schematic diagram showing fiber photometry recordings of Cbln2 + PHN neurons in mice subjected to panic induction. d Normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes (green, ΔF/F) in Cbln2 + PHN neurons in parallel with jumping escape (red) in example mouse. Vertical red bars indicate jumping escape of mouse. e Individual traces (gray) and averaged trace (red) of normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes (ΔF/F) aligned with initiation of jumping in an example mouse. f Average GCaMP response curve ( left ) and quantitative analyses of peak GCaMP fluorescence changes ( right ) of all tested mice. n = 9, P = 7.11452E-7. g Schematic diagram ( left ) and example micrographs ( right ) showing <t>GRIN</t> <t>lens</t> implantation and imaging of Cbln2 + PHN neurons with the endoscope system. h Example traces of normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes in individual cells during panic induction in an example mouse. Red shaded areas indicate occurrence of jumping escape. Heat-map ( i ) and average traces ( j ) of GCaMP responses of all 180 Cbln2 + PHN neurons in seven mice aligned with initiation of jumping escape. k Scatter plot showing GCaMP responses (ΔF/F) of an example Cbln2 + PHN neuron linearly correlated with jumping escape height. l Distribution of correlation coefficients of all 180 cells. m Schematic diagram showing endoscope imaging of individual Cbln2 + PHN neurons in response to application of von Frey filaments to the back of mice. Heat-map ( n ) and average ( o ) peri-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) of Z-score GCaMP fluorescence changes in individual Cbln2 + PHN neurons to mechanical stimuli applied with von Frey filaments (1, 10, and 100 g). Data in ( f , j , o ) are means ± SEM. Statistical analyses ( f ) were performed using two-paired Student t-test (*** P < 0.001). For P -values, see Supplementary Table . Source data are provided as a file.
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    In-vivo calcium recording of IO neurons and the effect of optogenetic activation of SC axons on IO neurons activity. ( A ) Coronal section of midbrain containing SC neurons labeled with ChrimsonR coupled with tdTomato with a small schematic showing injection of AAV9.Syn.ChrimsonR.tdTomato into the SC and a mixture of AAV.PHPeB.TRE.GCaMP6s and AAV.PHPeB.Htr5b.tTA into the inferior olive. Scalebar 500 µ m ( B ) Coronal section of brainstem and the inferior olive with labeled SC axons and IO neurons. Scalebar 200 µ m ( C ) Schematic of ventral surgery to place the <t>GRIN</t> <t>lens</t> on the surface of ventral IO. ( D ) Enlarge view of IO indicated by the square box in B,C, showing labeled IO neurons and SC axons on the ventral leaf of the PO. Scalebar 20 µ m. ( E1 ) Recording settings for control (GCaMP6s recording only) and optogenetic trials. ( E2 ) Field of view of labeled and active IO neurons during recording with a scalebar of 20 µ m. The fluorescence traces of IO neurons on E2 during control ( F1 ) and optogenetic trial ( G1 ). The color of the traces corresponds the color of neurons in E2, F-G. ( F2, G2 ) Summary of fluorescence traces across stimulations, plotted before, during and after stimulation. Each colors represents different neurons with average from all neurons is indicated with black trace. The dashed lines in F1 and F2 represent the timing of the stimulation events shown in G1 and G2, without the actual stimulation being applied. ( F3 ) Cross correlation matrix and dendogram of recorded neurons during control and optogenetic trial ( G3 ).
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    Image Search Results


    a Example coronal section showing optical fiber track above GCaMP7-expressing neurons in PHN of Cbln2-IRES-Cre mice. b Example micrographs from PHN showing specific expression of GCaMP7 in Cbln2 + PHN neurons. c Schematic diagram showing fiber photometry recordings of Cbln2 + PHN neurons in mice subjected to panic induction. d Normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes (green, ΔF/F) in Cbln2 + PHN neurons in parallel with jumping escape (red) in example mouse. Vertical red bars indicate jumping escape of mouse. e Individual traces (gray) and averaged trace (red) of normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes (ΔF/F) aligned with initiation of jumping in an example mouse. f Average GCaMP response curve ( left ) and quantitative analyses of peak GCaMP fluorescence changes ( right ) of all tested mice. n = 9, P = 7.11452E-7. g Schematic diagram ( left ) and example micrographs ( right ) showing GRIN lens implantation and imaging of Cbln2 + PHN neurons with the endoscope system. h Example traces of normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes in individual cells during panic induction in an example mouse. Red shaded areas indicate occurrence of jumping escape. Heat-map ( i ) and average traces ( j ) of GCaMP responses of all 180 Cbln2 + PHN neurons in seven mice aligned with initiation of jumping escape. k Scatter plot showing GCaMP responses (ΔF/F) of an example Cbln2 + PHN neuron linearly correlated with jumping escape height. l Distribution of correlation coefficients of all 180 cells. m Schematic diagram showing endoscope imaging of individual Cbln2 + PHN neurons in response to application of von Frey filaments to the back of mice. Heat-map ( n ) and average ( o ) peri-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) of Z-score GCaMP fluorescence changes in individual Cbln2 + PHN neurons to mechanical stimuli applied with von Frey filaments (1, 10, and 100 g). Data in ( f , j , o ) are means ± SEM. Statistical analyses ( f ) were performed using two-paired Student t-test (*** P < 0.001). For P -values, see Supplementary Table . Source data are provided as a file.

    Journal: Nature Communications

    Article Title: A molecularly defined brain circuit module for regulating panic-like defensive state

    doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-60529-3

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a Example coronal section showing optical fiber track above GCaMP7-expressing neurons in PHN of Cbln2-IRES-Cre mice. b Example micrographs from PHN showing specific expression of GCaMP7 in Cbln2 + PHN neurons. c Schematic diagram showing fiber photometry recordings of Cbln2 + PHN neurons in mice subjected to panic induction. d Normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes (green, ΔF/F) in Cbln2 + PHN neurons in parallel with jumping escape (red) in example mouse. Vertical red bars indicate jumping escape of mouse. e Individual traces (gray) and averaged trace (red) of normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes (ΔF/F) aligned with initiation of jumping in an example mouse. f Average GCaMP response curve ( left ) and quantitative analyses of peak GCaMP fluorescence changes ( right ) of all tested mice. n = 9, P = 7.11452E-7. g Schematic diagram ( left ) and example micrographs ( right ) showing GRIN lens implantation and imaging of Cbln2 + PHN neurons with the endoscope system. h Example traces of normalized GCaMP fluorescence changes in individual cells during panic induction in an example mouse. Red shaded areas indicate occurrence of jumping escape. Heat-map ( i ) and average traces ( j ) of GCaMP responses of all 180 Cbln2 + PHN neurons in seven mice aligned with initiation of jumping escape. k Scatter plot showing GCaMP responses (ΔF/F) of an example Cbln2 + PHN neuron linearly correlated with jumping escape height. l Distribution of correlation coefficients of all 180 cells. m Schematic diagram showing endoscope imaging of individual Cbln2 + PHN neurons in response to application of von Frey filaments to the back of mice. Heat-map ( n ) and average ( o ) peri-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) of Z-score GCaMP fluorescence changes in individual Cbln2 + PHN neurons to mechanical stimuli applied with von Frey filaments (1, 10, and 100 g). Data in ( f , j , o ) are means ± SEM. Statistical analyses ( f ) were performed using two-paired Student t-test (*** P < 0.001). For P -values, see Supplementary Table . Source data are provided as a file.

    Article Snippet: A GRIN lens (0.5 mm in diameter, 6.1 mm in length, Inscopix) was held by a GRIN lens holder (Inscopix) and was slowly (100 μm/min) inserted to the target brain area.

    Techniques: Expressing, Fluorescence, Imaging

    In-vivo calcium recording of IO neurons and the effect of optogenetic activation of SC axons on IO neurons activity. ( A ) Coronal section of midbrain containing SC neurons labeled with ChrimsonR coupled with tdTomato with a small schematic showing injection of AAV9.Syn.ChrimsonR.tdTomato into the SC and a mixture of AAV.PHPeB.TRE.GCaMP6s and AAV.PHPeB.Htr5b.tTA into the inferior olive. Scalebar 500 µ m ( B ) Coronal section of brainstem and the inferior olive with labeled SC axons and IO neurons. Scalebar 200 µ m ( C ) Schematic of ventral surgery to place the GRIN lens on the surface of ventral IO. ( D ) Enlarge view of IO indicated by the square box in B,C, showing labeled IO neurons and SC axons on the ventral leaf of the PO. Scalebar 20 µ m. ( E1 ) Recording settings for control (GCaMP6s recording only) and optogenetic trials. ( E2 ) Field of view of labeled and active IO neurons during recording with a scalebar of 20 µ m. The fluorescence traces of IO neurons on E2 during control ( F1 ) and optogenetic trial ( G1 ). The color of the traces corresponds the color of neurons in E2, F-G. ( F2, G2 ) Summary of fluorescence traces across stimulations, plotted before, during and after stimulation. Each colors represents different neurons with average from all neurons is indicated with black trace. The dashed lines in F1 and F2 represent the timing of the stimulation events shown in G1 and G2, without the actual stimulation being applied. ( F3 ) Cross correlation matrix and dendogram of recorded neurons during control and optogenetic trial ( G3 ).

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Anatomical and functional examination of superior colliculus projections to the inferior olivary neurons in mice

    doi: 10.1101/2024.11.29.625963

    Figure Lengend Snippet: In-vivo calcium recording of IO neurons and the effect of optogenetic activation of SC axons on IO neurons activity. ( A ) Coronal section of midbrain containing SC neurons labeled with ChrimsonR coupled with tdTomato with a small schematic showing injection of AAV9.Syn.ChrimsonR.tdTomato into the SC and a mixture of AAV.PHPeB.TRE.GCaMP6s and AAV.PHPeB.Htr5b.tTA into the inferior olive. Scalebar 500 µ m ( B ) Coronal section of brainstem and the inferior olive with labeled SC axons and IO neurons. Scalebar 200 µ m ( C ) Schematic of ventral surgery to place the GRIN lens on the surface of ventral IO. ( D ) Enlarge view of IO indicated by the square box in B,C, showing labeled IO neurons and SC axons on the ventral leaf of the PO. Scalebar 20 µ m. ( E1 ) Recording settings for control (GCaMP6s recording only) and optogenetic trials. ( E2 ) Field of view of labeled and active IO neurons during recording with a scalebar of 20 µ m. The fluorescence traces of IO neurons on E2 during control ( F1 ) and optogenetic trial ( G1 ). The color of the traces corresponds the color of neurons in E2, F-G. ( F2, G2 ) Summary of fluorescence traces across stimulations, plotted before, during and after stimulation. Each colors represents different neurons with average from all neurons is indicated with black trace. The dashed lines in F1 and F2 represent the timing of the stimulation events shown in G1 and G2, without the actual stimulation being applied. ( F3 ) Cross correlation matrix and dendogram of recorded neurons during control and optogenetic trial ( G3 ).

    Article Snippet: A GRIN lens (9 mm length, 1 mm diameter) connected to an Inscopix mini-microscope was placed on the ventral IO surface.

    Techniques: In Vivo, Activation Assay, Activity Assay, Labeling, Injection, Control, Fluorescence